Anti-body
coupled T receptor (ACTR) therapy is kind of immunotherapy used to
treat cancer in which body’s own immune response is utilized to act
on cancerous cell. Anti-body coupled T receptor therapy utilizes T
cells from body, engineered it to express specific T cell receptor,
multiplying it in lab and then administering it along with targeting
antibodies. The advantage in this approach is, that these T cells do
not attack normal antigens from blood circulation but attack only
antigens attached to the cancerous cells. This is possible as tumor
specific monoclonal antibodies are given together with ACTR T cells.
ACTR therapy is cost effective as it can be used in various cancer
therapy. Also, greater therapeutic benefit with minimum side effects
can be possible by adjusting the amount of targeting antibody which
is essential for activation of the ACTR T cells.
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Rising
incidence of cancer and new products to be launched in future to
drive the market for anti-body coupled T receptor therapy market.
According
to World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is one of the leading
non-communicable disease and second leading cause of death globally.
As reported by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in
2012, there were 14.1 million new cases, 8.8 million deaths and 32.6
million people living with cancer worldwide. As per 2017 report by
Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, U.S. alone is expected to have
prevalence of 8,16,834 and 80,500 annual new cases of lymphoma.
Therefore, such high number of cancer patient would propel the
anti-body coupled T receptor therapy market.
ACTR
therapy is better in its approach than other adoptive T cell transfer
technologies such as CAR-T cell therapy. CAR-T therapy products such
as Kymriah (Novartis AG) or Yescarta (Gilead Lifescience, Inc.) has
side effects such as cytokine release syndrome, and neurological
toxicity as discussed in their respective product literatures and
other studies. ACTR therapy being specific in its action do not
produce such side effects. This advantage would drive the anti-body
coupled T receptor therapy market in future. Also CAR-T therapy has
application in specific type of cancer such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma,
acute lymphoblastic leukemia, multiple myeloma whereas ACTR therapy
has potential use even in solid tumorous cancer such as breast
cancer, and neuroblastoma.
Cost
of product can be a major concern. Kymriah which is a CAR-T therapy
costs approximately US$ 4,75,000 per patient. Considering such high
cost for CAR-T therapy it can be assumed that anti-body coupled T
receptor therapy can also costs on similar line as it works in same
segment of immuno oncology, which may limit the potential growth of
anti-body coupled T receptor therapy market.
Strategic
merger and acquisition amongst the companies to expand the market for
anti-body coupled T receptor therapy.
Unum
Therapeutics is currently the only company that is working actively
in anti-body coupled T receptor therapy. It has several product in
its pipeline, and they vary based on the technology used for
expression of receptor in patients T cell such as mRNA or viral
vector. There is also combination of different monoclonal antibodies
to be used for coupling such as rituximab, and trastuzumab. In phase
one clinical trial, rituximab coupled t receptor therapy found to
produce desired therapeutic effects. Seattle Genetics, Inc. and Unum
Therapeutics, Inc. in 2015 entered into a strategic collaboration and
license agreement to develop and commercialize novel antibody-coupled
T-cell receptor (ACTR) therapies for cancer. This collaboration would
enable study of different combination of the tumor-specific
monoclonal antibodies with T receptor and cater to patient specific
treatment needs.
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