Regional PD-1 and PDL-1
inhibitors market outlook
A major share of the revenue of
the global PD-1
And PDL-1 Inhibitors Market is currently concentrated in North America,
Europe, and Japan as these are the three major revenue generating nations with
high insurance coverage, high healthcare investment, and are highly developed
pharmaceutical markets. The market players would be eyeing other regions for
tapping the cancer treatment market opportunities in those regions. Uncertain
regulations challenging the sales of patented pharmaceutical products has been
a major deterring factor for global pharmaceutical companies to enter into
emerging economies. However, novel rugs for cancer type with no treatment
available currently would find positive outlook in these regions, though the
high pricing would inhibit their sales in emerging economies.
Key players operating in the
global PD-1 and PDL-1 inhibitors market include Pfizer, Inc., Bristol-Myers
Squibb, Merck KGaA, AstraZeneca plc, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Merck & Co.
Inc., Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Novartis AG, and Ono Pharmaceutical Co.,
Ltd.
Targeted cancer therapy is the
primary objective of extensive research related to cancer drugs. Our immune
cells are programmed to attack the foreign cell on activation. PD-1 and PDL-1
are among those activation points present on the immune cells. Sometimes cancer
cells also use this PD-1 and PDL-1 trigger points to avoid being attacked by
the immune cells. Therefore, cancer drugs targeting these cells hold tremendous
potential in the cancer treatment market. Approved PD-1 and PDL-1 inhibitor
drugs have become blockbuster products. The global PD-1 and PDL-1 inhibitors
market is segmented based on the drug type and application as follows:
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PD-1 inhibitors are effective in
treating non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), kidney cancer, melanoma of the
skin, head and neck cancers, bladder cancer, and Hodgkin lymphoma. Opdivo is
leading the race with US$ 3.8 Bn in sales in 2016, compared to US$ 1.4 Bn of
Keytruda in 2016. Both these drugs have garnered significant development in
past two years with respect to extended therapeutic application and approvals in
European countries and Japan.
PDL-1 inhibitors are proven to be
effective in NSCLC, bladder cancer, and Merkel cell skin cancer. Avelumab
received FDA approval in March 2017 for metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC),
a rare skin cancer with no approved therapies. The drug therefore, received
approval under the accelerated approval process, requiring the developers,
Pfizer, Inc. and Merck KGaA to conduct larger clinical trials to establish
complete safety and efficacy of the drug. The drug is also being tested for
bladder cancer, NSCLC, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, and renal cancer, under
the JAVELIN clinical trial program. Extended therapeutic applications widens
the potential opportunity for the drugs in the global PD-1 inhibitors and PDL-1
inhibitors market.
Active research activities to
spur the global PD-1 and PDL-1 inhibitors market growth
PD-1 and PDL-1 biomarkers are
also called immune checkpoints. Trails from Merck & Co. and Bristol-Myers
Squibb have shown PD-1 and PDL-1 inhibitors to be effective in patients
expressing higher level of PD-1 and PDL-1 biomarkers, restricting the potential
market to only these patients. Therefore, all of the big pharma companies in
the global market of PD-1 and PDL-1 inhibitors are combining the PD-1 and PDL-1
inhibitors with other targeted cancer drugs to cater to a larger set of
population. The global PD-1 and PDL-1 inhibitors market is poised to grow
significantly with more product developments in the segment.
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There are 65 clinical studies in
phase 2 and phase 3 phase globally. Commercialization of a novel drug in this
segment would be a great booster for the growth for the PD-1 and PDL-1
inhibitors market.
Key Developments
Research and development
activities related to PD-1 and PDL-1 inhibitors is expected to boost the market
growth. For instance, in March 2018, researchers from University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus, Germany, observed that the expression of the inhibitory immune
checkpoints PD-L1 and VISTA may explain the poor responsiveness of prostate
cancer patients to cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 blockade and supports the
design of a combination therapy targeting both molecules.
In May 3, 2019, researchers from
Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital reported that PD-1 inhibitors show
anti-tumor effects on advanced malignancies, including metastatic melanoma,
advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, urothelial tumors, and duodenal
adenocarcinoma in renal transplant patients.
In August 2019, researchers from
Jagiellonian University, Poland, used well-known in vitro methods and revealed
that there is no direct binding between CA-170 – the only small-molecule
modulator in clinical trials targeting PD-L1 and VISTA proteins and PD-L1.
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