Brain
injury is any form of damage caused to the brain either through
external force or after birth. A brain injury is generally
classified in two types – traumatic and acquired. Traumatic brain
injury (TBI) is defined as an alteration in the functioning of brain
caused by an external force. Whereas an acquired brain injury is an
injury caused to the brain after birth. An acquired brain injury is
not hereditary, degenerative, congenital or induced by birth trauma.
Examples of acquired brain injury include stroke, tumor, electric
shock, hypoxic or anoxic brain injury or lightning strike.
According
to the Centers for Disease and Control Injury Prevention Center, the
leading causes of traumatic brain injury are falls (40.5%), motor
vehicle (14.3%), struck by/against (15%) and assault (10.7%). About
19% of the causes are unknown. Traumatic brain injury results in an
estimated 2685 deaths and 37,000 hospitalizations.
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In
general, there are different types of brain injury – Concussion
(TBI), Diffuse Axonal Injury (TBI), Contusion (TBI), Second Impact
Syndrome (TBI), Coup-contre coup injury (TBI), Penetrating Injury
(TBI), Hypoxic brain injury (ABI), Anoxic brain injury (ABI), Locked
in Syndrome (TBI), Open and Closed Head Injuries, and Shaken Baby
Syndrome (TBI). These types of brain injuries are usually determined
by undergoing the expensive MRI or CT scan at hospitals. A portable
device that can help determine the need for undergoing the MRI or CT
scan can be of great use during emergency situations, military
purpose and ambulance services. A portable brain injury scanner is
not the replacement of a computed tomography (CT) scan. It is just a
screening tool that helps in identifying high risk patients,
requiring prioritization of a CT scan and a neurosurgical treatment.
The first such device, Infrascanner Model 1000, was being approved by
the U.S. FDA in 2011.
Top
Players
Some
of the major players in this market include BrainScope Company, Inc.,
Neural Analytics, and InfraScan, Inc.
Wide
Applications
The
portable brain injury scanner can be used in emergency rooms,
intensive care units, field hospitals, military, ambulance services,
remote locations and in sports medicine. The Infrascanner which uses
the near infrared (NIR) technology to screen patients has been
deployed for use by the U.S. Marine Corps. Infrascanner is a
portable, FDA approved and CE marked device that empowers physicians
to understand the current functioning of the brain and identify any
symptoms of damage. Besides, emergency care departments can be one of
the major users of this device to determine the brain injury.
Yet
to Establish in the Developed Regions
The
portable brain injury scanners are still to capitalize on the
opportunities in the U.S., Canada, and European markets. A head
injury usually requires a trip to the hospital and a potentially
expensive MRI or CT scan. This device helps to identify the need for
a MRI and CT scan before incurring that high cost of scanning.
Recently, the Neural Analytics received a USD 3 million funding from
the National Institutes of Health to aid in the development of
portable brain monitoring platform.
Moreover,
this new technology is also desired by the emerging nations like
India, China, Brazil, and Russia to help them avoid the risk of
complications while transporting a patient with traumatic brain
injury to the nearby hospital for a CT scan. With increasing
research, the technology will further improve with increase accuracy
and integration with information technology for anytime and anywhere
accessibility of the reports.
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